Patterns /Number Theory

Triangular Numbers

A triangular number counts the dots in a triangle: 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21 — each one the running total 1 + 2 + … + k.

Matches in range
1,414
Share of all numbers
1 in 707
Out of
1,000,001

Because the k-th triangular number is k(k + 1) / 2, they grow quadratically, and their density falls like 1 / √(2n) — roughly the same shape as perfect squares, but with more members in range.

They have an unusually direct relationship with squares: eight times any triangular number, plus one, is always a perfect square. Small identities like this are why triangular numbers show up so often in puzzles.

A handful of numbers in range are both triangular and square. Those are genuinely rare objects, and they rank accordingly on the leaderboard.

Highest-scoring examples

The best-scoring numbers of four digits or more that carry this pattern. Shorter numbers are excluded here because their length alone dominates any score ranking.

Smallest examples

The first numbers in the range that match this pattern.

Related number theory patterns